复数变化.doc

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties. ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 15 构成法：一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西，它取单数形式，如pen，dog，tree，fact，church，kiss.如果表示两个或更多这类东西，则需用名词的复数形式，如pens，dogs，trees，facts，churches，kisses.构成名词复数，大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es，有下面6种情况：a．在单数形式后直接加-s：girl girls hat hatsneck necks tree treespencil pencils kind kingsb．如单数名词以s，x，sh，ch或z结尾，需在后面加-es：kiss kisses church churchesfox foxes match matchestax taxes watch watchesdish dishes branch branchesbrush brushes buzz buzzesc．以y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es：lady ladies army armiesbaby babies story storiessoliloquy soliloquies colloquy colloquies如果y前还有一个元音字母，则直接加-s：day days key keysboy boys monkey monkeysd．以o结尾的词，多数加-s：demo demos