第五章 第三节 名词从句译法.pptVIP

第五章 第三节 名词从句的译法英语中的名词从句包括主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。这种从句如果是代词what引导的，翻译时一般按原文的顺序译成汉语，如：What he said was true. （主语从句）他说的话是真的。I believe what he said. （宾语从句）我相信他说的话。This is what he said. （表语从句）这就是他说的话。;如果名词性从句包括两层以上的意思，需采用分句法的手段把从句和主句分开来，先单独译出从句，置于句首，成为汉语的外位语结构，然后用汉语的复指代词指代它，与主句的其他成分连句成文。现分述如下： ;一、主语从句（一）用it作形式主语的主语从句，可先译主语从句，再译主句。;1. It’s extraordinary that in all the years the British spent in Egypt they never got to know the real people of Egypt;2. It is a fact that the United States has sent its fleet to all parts of the world.3. It is universally known that alloy is a metal product containing two or more elements.;4. That those who had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge.5. That she is still alive is a consolation.;6. How the hot iron emits light energy, and how this energy reaches our eyes, is one of nature’s deepest secrets.;（二）并不是说，凡是“it”作形式主语的，全用这种译法。如果that引出的从句是以假设为前提的，主句的陈述是对从句的内容进行推测，翻译的方法是：直接陈述观点、看法，表明态度，接着译出that引导的从句。;1. It’s quite probable that he is gone.2. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.3. It is obvious that these currents will generate heat in the core.;上述两种方法中，具体应用哪种方法译，并不是绝对的。例如下面这句话可以有两种译法。;4. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of wife. (Pride and Prejudice);二、宾语从句（一）用it作形式宾语的句子，其译法与上面讨论的完全一样。即译时可用分句法，将宾语从句先译出，再译主句，用复指代词“这”、“这一点”等代入主句。;1. Does it require deep intuition to comprehend that man’s ideas, views and conception, in one word, man’s consciousness, changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence, in his social relation and his social life?;2. It is necessary for young people to understand how our society depends upon scientific and technological advancement and to realize that science is a basic part of modern living.;（二）用how，that，what等引起的宾语从句一般按原文顺序译出。1. He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a g