电子教案统一模板(实凝控)Unit3.pptVIP

Unit 3 The Control System of CNC Machines 3.1 Lesson 5 Open-loop Control System There are two types of servo-control systems on NC/CNC machines: open-loop and closed-loop. The type of servo-control loop used determines the overall accuracy of the machine. A open-loop system utilizes stepping motors to create machine movements. These motors rotate a fixed amount for each pulse received. Stepping motors are driven by electrical signals coming from the MCU. The motors are connected to the machine table ball-nut leadscrew and spindle. The open-loop control systems does not provide positioning feedback to the control unit．The movement pulses are sent out by the control and they are received by a special type of servomotor called a stepper motor. The number of pulses that the control sends to the stepper motor controls the amount of the rotation of the motor. The stepper motor then proceeds with the next movement command. Since this control system only counts pulses and cannot identify discrepancies in positioning，the machine will continue this inaccuracy until somebody finds the error． The open-loop control can be used in applications in which there is no change in load conditions，such as the NC drilling machine．The advantage of the open-loop control system is that it is less expensive，since it does not require the additional hardware and electronics needed for positioning feedback．The disadvantage is the difficulty of detecting a positioning error (Figure 3-1). 3.2 Lesson 6 Closed-loop Control System A closed-loop system utilizes the servo motor whose types include AC servo motors, DC servo motors, and hydraulic servo motors. A servo motor does not operate like a pulse counting stepping motor. The speed of an AC or DC servo motor is variable and depends upon the amount of current passing through it. The speed of a hydraulic servo motor depends upon the amount of fluid passing through it. The strength of current coming from the