tRNA与核糖体的结合。氨酰-华南师范大学生命科学学院.pptVIP

tRNAs Secondary Tertiary structure Isoacceptor tRNAs (同工受体tRNA） Different tRNAs carrying the same aa tRNA identity- “2nd genetic code” P431 Special sequence elements on tRNAs that can be recognized by aaRS and then determine which aa is charged Positive elements Negative elements Some special tRNAs 1) Initiator tRNA: tRNAf Met tRNAiMet 2) Suppressor tRNA（校正tRNA） 3) tmRNA General features With mRNA as template, tRNA as carrier for aa, ribosome as assembly site Translational polarity 1) Extends in N-end → C-end how to prove? 2) Reads mRNAs in 5’ → 3’ Triplet codon 1) How many bases determine one aa? “three determine one” 2) Cracking of the genetic code 3) Features of the genetic code Ribosomes recognize aa-tRNA just by virtue of the base-pairing interaction between codons and anticodons Wobble hypothesis The Nature of the Genetic Code All the codons have meaning: 61 specify amino acids, and the other 3 are nonsense or stop codons The code is unambiguous - only one amino acid is indicated by each of the 61 codons (wobble密码子的摆动性 ) The code is degenerate - except for Trp and Met, each amino acid is coded by two or more codons (密码子的简并性) Codons representing the same or similar amino acids are similar in sequence Functional sites on Ribosome Three sites for tRNA 1) The A (acceptor) site - where aa-tRNAs come in (except the first one) and where peptidyl-tRNA is after peptide bond formation and before translocation. 2) The P (peptidyl-tRNA) site - where peptidyl-tRNA is before peptide bond formation. 3) The E (exit) site - where the uncharged tRNA from the P site goes after translocation. Peptidyl transferase - the active site that catalyzes formation of the peptide bond (23S rRNA in Prokaryotes) Polypeptide exit channel mRNA binding site 五、氨酰-tRNA合成酶对tRNA的识别 六、多肽链的合成从氨基末端开始 七、一个特定氨基酸起始蛋白质的合成 起始氨酰-tRNA的形成(P432) 现已清楚，原核细胞中多肽的合成都有 自甲硫氨酸开始，但并不是以甲硫氨酰-tRNA作起始物，而是以N-甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA的形式起始。 在E.Coli和其它原核生物中与这起始密码