基本粒子1.ppt

* In all cases, you will see that I have given the quarks inside baryons the colors red, green, and blue.This is because quarks also have an intrinsic “color charge”, or simply “color” for short. We willget into this in more detail later when we discuss the strong interaction.For now, assume that all baryons must have 1 RED, 1 GREEN and 1 BLUE quark. Taken together, the RED, GREEN, and BLUE produce an object which has no color(ie., it’s colorless). This is the same idea as the visible light be composed of thefull spectrum of colors in the rainbow. * Here, Q means “the value of the electric charge” Note that the Lambda and Sigma_0 have the same quark content, but have different masses. How can this be? The answer is beyond the scope of this course. If you would like a deeper explanation, I encourage you to talk to the instructor. * It is difficult to show here, but the two quarks inside mesons must have opposite color. The quark can be either RED, GREEN, or BLUE. Choose one.. If we choose GREEN, then the anti-quark’s color is “ANTI-GREEN”. How dowe draw anti-green? Sorry, I’m not sure how, but try and keep in mind that thequark and antiquark in a a meson are one of (or some combination) of these colors combinations: Quark + Antiquark ------ ------------ RED + ANTIRED BLUE + ANTIBLUE GREEN + ANTIGREEN * FNAL = Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. * Recall that the unit [GeV/c2] is a unit of mass. E= m c2 * * Quarks and leptons differ significantly in the way that they interact with each other. That is, the processes which can occur when two quarks collide is quite differentfrom the situation when two leptons collide.This brings us to the concept of “force carriers”. Force carriers are the particles whichtransmit a force from one particle to another.We will get into this in greater detail… * Shown is a photon of Richard Feynman. He was one of the chief architects inconstructing the most successful theory known, q