maintenance costs – standard cost 养护费用标准.pptVIP

Microenterprise-based routine road maintenance in China中国基于微型企业模式的公路日常养护 First findings and recommendations 第一次调查发现和建议 Serge Cartier, December 2007 Types of rural roads 农村路类型 Administrative class 行政等级： 32% county roads 县道 63% township roads 乡道 6% village roads 村道 Technical class 技术等级： Class I, II, III 一、二、三级 Class IV 四级 Unclassified 等外路 Surface type 路面类型： Asphalt 沥青路面 Concrete 水泥路面 Unpaved 砂石路面 Based on interest, capacity and financing, this study will focus on paved county roads, both asphalt and concrete 根据大家所关心的问题和养护能力、预算等方面的考虑，本研究将只针对有路面的县道进行微型企业养护模式的开发研究 Maintenance types Major maintenance 大修 Medium maintenance 中修 Minor maintenance 小修 Routine maintenance 日常养护 Rehabilitation 改建工程 Periodic maintenance 定期养护 （中修） Minor repairs 小修 Routine (preventative) maintenance 日常养护（恢复性的养护） First findings 第一次调研的发现 Similar characteristics to microenterprise-based model 与拉美相似的微型企业养护模式 Standard cost per kilometre 每公里制订标准的养护费用 Performance-based contracts 按照养护合同要求进行养护 Penalties for non-compliance 违反合同和养护标准的处罚 Local contracting 就近委托养护合同 Selection process for maintenance workers也有养护工人简单的选择程序 Technical training 也有简单的养护技术培训 Contracting, financing and supervision by county 县里最终确定养护合同、提供养护资金、进行合同的监督 However, the technical quality and effectiveness of the maintenance activities is found to be lacking 但是，发现养护技术质量和养护效率较差 Technical quality and effectiveness lacking养护质量和效率较差 Causes 养护质量较差的原因 Inadequate execution of maintenance activities by workers 养护工人的养护活动不足 Limited scope of maintenance activities 养护工作内容太简单（多为保洁） Lack of sufficient appropriate tools 缺乏适合的养护工具 Lack of adequate training 缺乏适当的培训 Lack of adequate planning of activities and resources 缺乏规划和必要的养护资金 Performance indicators and penalties not applied 没有进行养护绩效和处罚考核 Lack of cooperation between maintenance workers 养护工人之间缺乏合作 Individual contracts 单个工人的养护合同 Lack of team building or managerial training 缺乏团队精神和管理能力的培养 Insufficient atten