高等土力学非饱和土.pdf

非饱和土力学 上海大学土木工程系 孙德安 非饱和土力学 绪论 吸力 非饱和土的土水特性（保水特性） 非饱和土的力学性质 渗透性 变形 强度 固结理论 Arid and semi-arid areas usually have a deep ground-water table. Soils located above the WT have negative pore-water pressure. The soils are desaturated due to the excessive evaporation and evapotranspiration(蒸腾） Map Description Using the ratio of mean annual precipitation to mean annual potential evapotranspiration, world is divided into 6 aridity zones: hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid, dry sub-humid, and humid. The humid zone is the most extensive, covering about 1/3 total land area, it covers most of Europe and Central America, and large portions of Southeast Asia, eastern North America, central South America, central Africa. The hyper-arid zone is the least extensive, covering approximately 8 % of total land area, and is represented most predominantly by the Saharan Desert. Hyper-arid lands generally are unsuitable for growing crops. Drylands include the arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid zones and cover almost 54 million km2 of the globe. 干旱:arid ；半干旱:semi-arid; 湿润：Humid 降雨 Local vertical zones of unsaturated soils Regional distribution of unsaturated soils D E T GROUNDWATER TABLE A L I R O - Water filling the voids U S T - Air in a dissolved state A S Unsaturated Soil REV as a Four Phase System REV = Representative Elemental Volume -Two Phases that Air deform and come to rest under a stress Soil particles Contractile skin