小水电规划设计中的几个问题.pdfVIP

小水电规划设计中的几个问题 Several Questions in SHP Plan and Design 一、水能资源 A. Hydropower Potential 中国是一个水量并不丰富而水能资源量位居世界第一的国家。单位面积水量 中国只及全世界平均值的约四分之三（3/4 ），但由于中国山区面积比例大，地形 高差大，单位面积水能资源蕴藏量为世界平均值的1.4 倍。中国有多少水能资源 可以发电，这个数据是随着普查工作的不断深入而不断更新的。经最近的大普查 结果，可开发容量为5.416 亿kW ，年发电量为2.474 万亿kW ·h 。 Though China is not rich in Water volume, its hydropower potential ranks first in the world. The water volume per unit area of China is only about 3/4 of the world’s average, however, due to large proportion of mountainous area and topographic height difference, hydropower potential per unit area of China is 1.4 times of the world’s average. How much hydropower potential China has? This data is keeping updating as the census goes deep into. According to a recent survey, the developable capacity is 541.6 GW and annual output is 2,474 TW ·h. 目前，中国水电总装机容量为世界第一，其中小水电占的比重较大，近1/3， 而且其开发的势头也正猛。究竟有多少小水电资源可供开发： presently, China’s total installed hydropower capacity ranks first in the world, in which SHP accounts for about 1/3. As SHP development is very fast, we would like to figure out developable capacity of SHP. 从历次普查结果来看，中国的水能资源以大型水电站所占比重大，约为80%。 又以特大型为主，约占总水能资源的 50%。中小型水能可开发资源约占 20% 。 又有一数据是，大中型可开发容量为4.75 亿kW ，占总资源88%。则由此知小水 电可开发资源占12%。由于小水电分布面积广、量大，其普查结果的精度远较大 中型水电低，现在普遍的提法是，小水电可开发的水能资源容量1.2 亿kW ，年 发电量3500~4000 亿kW ·h 。 According to results of the previous surveys, large-scaled hydropower stations account for about 80%, in which super-scaled stations account for about 50% of the total. Medium small hydropower accounts for 20%. Another data shows that developable capacity of large medium hydropower is 475GW, accounting for 88% 1 of the total water resources. Therefore, developable capacity of SHP accounts for 12%. Because SHP is decen