英语定语从句汉译.docVIP

英语定语从句的汉译 英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。 （一）定语词组 1. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。 2. Before following her in her round of seeking, let us look at the sphere in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈，先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。 翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰项之前。当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如①和②。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。 （二）并列从句 1）省略英语的先行项 The lungs are subjected to several diseases which are treatable by surgery. 肺易受几种疾病的侵袭，但均可经手术治疗。 A little way on she saw a great door which, for some reason, attracted her attention. 又走了一些路，她看见一个大门，不知怎的，引起了她的注意。 As a result, a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip. 结果就造成一阵闲话，暗中在公寓里流传，闲话一般都是如此的。 A will had been made which divide the small tax-eaten property equally among the remaining four, so that it was really of no interest to any of them. 遗嘱已立好，把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子，但谁都对此不感兴趣。 2）重复英语的先行项 At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly ,and a shy drab girl who seemed even younger than the other. 席间，我发现自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一腼腆乏味的女孩子中间；她看上去比其余人都年轻。 A writer __ in fact every one of us in life __ needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows …一个作家——实际上生活中的每个人——都需要慈母的力量，它是创造一切的源泉。 Man possesses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures, that allows and even compels him to express his thoughts, feelings, dreams, and intuitions. 人类具有远远超过于手势的表达官能，这种官能不仅使人能够，而且使他要把思想、感情、幻梦、直觉表达出来。 我们一般采用分述法将带定语从句的英语复合句译成并列分词。分述法就将主句和从句分开翻译的方法。此方法除了将定语从句译为并列分句外，还译为状语从句。 （三）状语从句 He insisted on building another house which he had no use for. 上例能译成“他坚持再建一座他不用的房子”或“他坚持再建一座房，这房他不用”吗？显然不能，因为这样的译文令读者莫名其妙。这两种译文是套用定语词组和并列分句形式而译的，然而错了。 正确的译文是：他虽自己不用，但仍坚持再建一座房。 评析：此句之所以这样译，是因为它含有状语从句的意思。英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。 I think it will grow even on non-irrigated land where there is a forest belt. 我