115 Food and Agriculture Organization of the （115年的粮食和农业组织）.pdf

115 Chapter 7 Structural design IntroductIon thrust, shear, bending moments and twisting moments), Structural design is the methodical investigation of the as well as stress intensities, strain, deflection and stability, strength and rigidity of structures. The basic reactions produced by loads, changes in temperature, objective in structural analysis and design is to produce shrinkage, creep and other design conditions. Finally a structure capable of resisting all applied loads without comes the proportioning and selection of materials for failure during its intended life. The primary purpose the members and connections to respond adequately to of a structure is to transmit or support loads. If the the effects produced by the design conditions. structure is improperly designed or fabricated, or if the The criteria used to judge whether particular actual applied loads exceed the design specifications, proportions will result in the desired behavior reflect the device will probably fail to perform its intended accumulated knowledge based on field and model tests, function, with possible serious consequences. A well- and practical experience. Intuition and judgment are engineered structure greatly minimizes the possibility also important to this process. of costly failures. The traditional basis of design called elastic design is based