2002 AP Statistics Exam Multiple Choice Solutions（2002 AP统计考试选择题的解决方案）.pdf

2002 AP Statistics Exam Multiple Choice Solutions 1. Answer: (D) (A) is FALSE → There are not necessarily more subjects available for either experiments or observational studies. There are probably more subjects available for observational studies if anything because people are more apt to be alright with someone observing them than to take place in an experiment. (B) is FALSE → In anything, ethical constraints might prevent certain large scale experiments from taking place, not observational studies. (C) is FALSE → On average, experiments tend to be more costly than observational studies. (D) is TRUE → Only through a well-designed experiment can we determine a causal relationship between our variables whereby in an observational study, we can only determine if there is an association between our variables. (E) is FALSE → You can do significance tests on any data, whether it comes from an observational study or an experiment. 2. Answer: (B) Choices (A) and (E) are out from the get-go because the null hypothesis must have p = 0.05 in it. Since we are checking to see if the manufacturer is wrong (and the manufacturer says that it is “no more than 0.05”), we must be testing for the idea that the proportion is more than 5% or Ha :p 0.05. Note : Our parameter of interest in this example isp , the true proportion of balloons that burst when inflated to a diameter above 12 inches. This is because this is categorical data…the balloons either burst or don’t. 3. Answer: (C) If you want to see how these Lauren performed in a relative sense and the scores follow a normal distribution, then you may use z scores: st x − µ 85 − 75 nd x − µ 85 − 70 1 exam: z = = = 1 2 exam: z = = = 1 σ 10 σ 15 Since the z scores are the same [both ti