Anatomy of the foot Loftus Foot Care Clinic（脚的解剖Loftus脚保健诊所）.pdf

Basic Anatomy of the Foot The foot is a perfect marriage of form and function. The foot contains 26 bones, 2 sesamoid bones, 33 joints, 19 muscles and 107 ligaments. Dorsal view of foot illustrating first layer of muscles and tendons. The Musculoskeletal System The skeletal system consists of bone, which is the hard substance that forms the framework of the body. Ligaments tie the bones together to form joints. Each bone and each joint has a name. The bone of the thigh is called the femur, the bones of the leg are called the tibia and fibula, and the joint between these bones is called the knee joint. The skeleton and all its parts are moved by muscles and tendons. Bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons are the tissues of the locomotor or musculoskeletal system of the body. Bones consist of two kinds of tissue: 1. compact tissue: the hard, outside part of a bone. 2. cancellous tissue: the spongy part on the inside. Bones are covered with fibrous membrane called periosteum. The periosteum contains nerve fibres and transmits pain sensation if inflamed or torn away from the underlying bone. The muscular system consists of muscle, which is the tough, elastic tissue that makes body parts move. The human body has more than 600 major muscles. Skeletal muscles hold the bones of the skeleton together and make the body move. Skeletal muscles vary greatly in size, depending on their function. For example, eye muscles are small and fairly weak, but thigh muscles are large and strong. The ends of most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by a tough, flexible connective tissue called tendon. The origin of the muscle is the proximal end that is attached to bone