Basic Classical Ethnographic Research Methods（基本的经典民族志研究方法）.pdf


 
 
 ETHNOGRAPHICALLY
INFORMED
COMMUNITY
AND
CULTURAL
ASSESSMENT
 RESEARCH
SYSTEMS
 (EICCARS)
WORKING
PAPER
SERIES
 
 
 Basic
Classical
Ethnographic
Research
Methods
 Secondary
Data
Analysis,
Fieldwork,
Observation/Participant
Observation,
 and
Informal
and
Semi‑structured
Interviewing
 
 
 Tony
L.
Whitehead,
Ph.D.,
MS.Hyg.
 Professor
of
Anthropology
and
Director,
 The
Cultural
Systems
Analysis
Group
(CuSAG)
 Department
of
Anthropology
 University
of
Maryland
 College
Park,
Maryland
20742
 
 
 
 
 
 July
17,
2005
 
 
 
 ©
2005,
Tony
L.
Whitehead.
If
quoted,
please
cite.
Do
not
duplicate
or
distribute
without
permission.
 Contact:
twhitehe@anth.umd.edu,
or
301‑405‑1419
 
 Table
of
Contents
 INTRODUCTION 2
 1.
 SECONDARY
DATA
ANALYSIS 3
 2.
 FIELDWORK
IS
AN
ESSENTIAL
ATTRIBUTE
OF
ETHNOGRAPHY 3
 3.
 A
CONCEPTUAL
MODEL
FOR
THE
ETHNOGRAPHIC
STUDY
OF
CULTURAL
SYSTEM:
 THE
CULTURAL
SYSTEM S
PARADIGM
(THE
CSP) 7
 4.
 BASIC
CLASSICAL
ETHNOGRAPHIC
FIELD
METHODS:

ETHNOGRAPHIC
 OBSERVATION,
INTERVIEWING,
AND
INTERPRETATION
AS
CYCLIC
ITERATIVE
 PROCESSES 9
 4.1.
 THE
NATURAL
CULTURAL
LEARNING
PROCESS:
THE
CHILD
AS
AN
ETHNOGRAPHIC
MODEL . 9
 4.2.
 DESCRIPTIVE
OBSERVATIONS 10
 4.3.
 STUDY
COMMUNITY
ENTRÉ
AND
INITIAL
ETHNOGRAPHIC
TOURS 14
 4.4.
 SELECTING
SOCIAL
SETTINGS
FOR
ETHNOGRAPHIC
STUDY 14
 4.5.
 FROM
“GRAND
TOUR”
TO
“MINI‑TOUR”
OBSERVATIONS
TO
INFORMAL,
 UNSTR UCTURED,
 CONVERSATIONAL,
AND
DESCRIPTIVE
INTERVIEWS 15
 4.6.
 FROM
DESCRIPTIVE
TO
SEMI‑STRUCTURED,
TO
STRUCTURED
INTERVIEWS 16
 4.7.
 EXPLORING
THE
STRUCTURE
OF
CULTURE
DOMAINS:
FOCUSED
AND
SELECT
OBSERVATIONS
 AND
SEMI‑STRUCTURED
AND
STRUCTURED
INTERVIEWS 17
 REFERENCES 20
 TABLES 21
 T