Boiling a mixture Dublin Institute of Technology（沸腾的混合物都柏林理工学院）.pdf

Distillation Underlying Principles of Distillation Boiling a Binary Mixture Gavin Duffy School of Electrical Engineering Systems DIT Kevin Street Learning Outcomes After this lecture you should be able to …. •Explain boiling •Understand the relationship between boiling point, vapour pressure and volatility •Understand what happens when a binary mixture is boiled •Understand what happens when a binary mixture is condensed •Explain the Temperature-X-Y diagram •Explain the X-Y diagram •Define an azeotrope •Develop an equilibrium curve Vapour Pressure Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapour - when dynamic equilibrium between vapour and liquid exists Water in an open dish will slowly vaporise. Eventually the dish will be dry. If the dish is sealed, water will still vaporise. However, vapour will condense at an equal rate – dynamic equilibrium The pressure in the sealed dish is the vapour pressure. Vapour pressure changes with temperature – it increases Different substances have different vapour pressures 1 Boiling Boiling occurs when the vapour pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure Water, at atmospheric pressure, will boil at 100 °C Water, at a temperature of 82 °C, will boil if the pressure is reduced to 0.5 of an atmosphere. Water, at a temperature of 25 °C, has a vapour pressure of 0.03 atmospheres What is the VP of water at 50 °C What is the boiling point of water at the top of Everest? (Source for data: Table 2-5 in Perry) Variation of atm pressure with height What is the atmospheric pressure at the top of Mount Everest? The following empirical formul