C H A P T E R 1 7 Documentation and PID（C H P T E R 1 7文档和PID）.pdf

C H A P T E R 1 7 Documentation and PID 17.1 Introduction A vast amount of documentation is required for the design and construction of a pro- cess facility, which are front-end and detailed engineering drawings. The main engi- neering documents used on a regular basis by the engineering staff for smooth and efficient running, maintenance, and upgrading of the facility are Alarm and Trip Sys- tems, PLC documentation, and Pipe and Instrumentation Diagrams (PID). As in all engineering disciplines, the initial accuracy of these documents, and the regular updating of them when changes are made, is critical, and one of the most important aspects of engineering. For this reason, documentation is discussed in this chapter. Documentation standards and symbols for all aspects of process control have been set up and standardized by the ISA, in conjunction with the ANSI [1]. 17.2 Alarm and Trip Systems The purpose of an alarm system is to bring a malfunction to the attention of opera- tors and maintenance personnel, whereas the purpose of a trip system is to shut down a system in an orderly fashion when a malfunction occurs, or to switch failed units over to standby units. The elements used in the process control system are the first warnings of a failure. This could show up as an inconsistency in a process parameter, or as a parameter going out of its set limits. The sensors and instruments used in the alarm and trip system are the second line of defense, and must be totally separate from those used in the process control system. Alarm and trip system infor- mation and its implementation are given in ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996—Application of Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Control Industry. 17.2.1 Safety Instrumented Systems The alarm and trip system,