cathodic protection in practise National （阴极保护在练习国家）.pdf

CATHODIC PROTECTION P E FRANCIS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION2 2 PRINCIPLES OF CATHODIC PROTECTION3 3 METHODS OF APPLYING CATHODIC PROTECTION5 3.1 IMPRESSED CURRENT5 3.2 SACRIFICIAL ANODES6 4 DESIGN 8 4.1 PROTECTION POTENTIALS 8 4.2 CURRENT DENSITY8 4.3 COATINGS 9 4.4 CALCAREOUS SCALES9 4.5 CHOICE OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM 9 4.6 ANODE RESISTANCE 10 4.7 DANGERS TO BE AVOIDED12 1 [CATHODIC PROTECTION/BM] CATHODIC PROTECTION P E FRANCIS 1 INTRODUCTION The first practical use of cathodic protection is generally credited to Sir Humphrey Davy in the 1820s. Davy’s advice was sought by the Royal Navy in investigating the corrosion of copper sheeting used for cladding the hulls of naval vessels. Davy found that he could preserve copper in sea water by the attachment of small quantities of iron or zinc; the copper became, as Davy put it, “cathodically protected”. The most rapid development of cathodic-protection systems was made in the United States of America to meet the requirements of the rapidly expanding oil and natural gas industry which wanted to benefit from the advantages of using thin-walled steel pipes for underground transmission. For that purpose the method was well established in the United States in 1945. In the United Kingdom, where low-pressure thicker-walled cast-iron pipes were extensively used, very little cathodic protection was applied until the early 1950s. The increasing use of cathodic protection has arisen from the success of the method use