CD MIL Standards Page 461E Whitepaper （461 e白皮书的CD MIL标准页面）.pdf

CD MIL Standards Page –461E Whitepaper /rugged-computers/military-standards/461E-whitepaper.asp WHY IS MIL-STD 461 AN IMPORTANT COTS FEATURE FOR OUR MILITARY? Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) has been the driving force for government portable, desktop, and rack mount computer procurement for over a decade. However, when these portables are purchased for the Department of Defense (DoD), COTS sometimes is not enough. In the military world, these computers must coexist with all other equipment, including powerful radio, radar, and microwave transmitters as well as highly sensitive receivers. Depending on their use, many of these COTS computers must be upgraded to meet more rigorous military needs. For the DoD, specifying a computers electromagnetic interference (EMI) and its electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is an important judge on how well the computer will operate within many noisy environments. MIL-STD 461 documents the EMI requirements for a wide range of applications, from trucks to ships to aircraft to fixed installations, not to mention the different requirements within an application (e.g., above deck and below deck on a Navy ship). There is also a trend to tailor the requirements to particular applications. Although the most modest EMC requirements are not much different from COTS commercial requirements, most applications are decidedly harsh. The Evolution of MIL-STD 461 The militarys concern for EMI began with the installation of the first radio in a vehicle before World War I. However, since the application of radio technology and understanding its effects seem to parallel each other, it wasnt until 1934 that the US Army Signal Corps published its first EMI standard: SCL-49, Electrical Shielding and Radio Power Supply in Vehicles. This document protected radio receivers by requiring vehicle operations to not disturb radio reception through shielding the ignition system, regulator, and generat