CHAPTER 12 GASES AND KINETICMOLECULAR （第十二章气体和分子运动）.pdf

CHAPTER 12 GASES AND KINETIC-MOLECULAR THEORY 1. Pressure 2. Boyle’s Law: The V-P Relationship 3. Charles’ Law: The V-T Relationship 4. Standard TP 5. The Combined Gas Law Equation 6. Avogadro’s Law and the Standard Molar Volume 7. Summary of Gas Laws: The Ideal Gas Equation 8. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 9. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory 10. Diffusion and Effusion of Gases 11. Real Gases: Deviations from Ideality 1 Pressure Pressure is force per unit area. lb/in2 N/m2 Gas pressure as most people think of it. Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer. Definitions of standard pressure 76 cm Hg 760 mm Hg 760 torr 1 atmosphere 101.3 kPa Hg density = 13.6 g/mL 2 Boyle’s Law: The Volume-Pressure Relationship V ∝ 1/P or V= k (1/P) or PV = k P V = k for one sample of a gas. 1 1 1 P V = k for a second sample of a 2 2 2 gas. k = k for the same sample of a gas 1 2 at the same T. Thus we can write Boyle’s Law mathematically as P V = P V 1 1 2 2 3 Boyle’s Law: The Volume-Pressure Relationship o At 25 C a sample of He has a volume of 4.00 x 102 mL under a pressure of 7.60 x 102 torr. What volume would it occupy under a pressure of 2.00 atm at the same T? P V P V 1 1 2 2 P V