CHAPTER 4 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF （第四章热性能）.pdf

CHAPTER 4 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS Contents 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Heat Transfer 4.3 Solar Radiation 4.4 Simplified Method for Performance Estimation 4.5 Example 4.6 Computer-based Tools References 4.1 INTRODUCTION The thermal performance of a building refers to the process of modeling the energy transfer between a building and its surroundings. For a conditioned building, it estimates the heating and cooling load and hence, the sizing and selection of HVAC equipment can be correctly made. For a non-conditioned building, it calculates temperature variation inside the building over a specified time and helps one to estimate the duration of uncomfortable periods. These quantifications enable one to determine the effectiveness of the design of a building and help in evolving improved designs for realising energy efficient buildings with comfortable indoor conditions. The lack of proper quantification is one of the reasons why passive solar architecture is not popular among architects. Clients would like to know how much energy might be saved, or the temperature reduced to justify any additional expense or design change. Architects too need to know the relative performance of buildings to choose a suitable alternative. Thus, knowledge of the methods of estimating the performance of buildings is essential to the design of passive solar buildings. In this chapter, we will discuss a simple method for estimating the thermal performance of a building and introduce a few simulation tools used for more accurate calculations. Various heat exchange processes are possible between a building and the external enviro