COMPUTERAIDED DESIGN OF USER （计算机辅助设计的用户）.pdf

Chapter 1 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF USER INTERFACES BY EXAMPLE Henry Lieberman Media Laboratory, Massachuset ts Institute of Technology (MIT), 20 Ames St. 320 G Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA) E-mail: lieber@ – URL: /people/lieber/ Tel.: +1-617-253-0315 – Fax: + 1-617-253-6215 Abstract: A promising approach to Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces (CADUI) is Programming by Example, where an interface designer demonstrates the be- havior of an interface by presenting concrete examples and demonstrating how the system should behave on those examples. It lets the user interface designer “play end-user”, simulating what an end-user would see and do. A software agent records the steps of the user interface and generalizes a program that can be used in analogous situations in the future. The popular genre of so-called Interface Builders can be seen as a “poor-man’s” Programming by Example. It is now time to extend such systems so that behavior as well as appearance can be specified by example. Key words: Programming by example, programming by demonstration, computer-aided design, interface builders, machine learning, software agents. 1. CAD/CAM AND USER INTERFACE DESIGN The goal of Computer-aided Design of User Interfaces (CADUI) is to enlist the computer to aid an interface designer in constructing an interactive interface to be eventually used by an end-user. This point of view is by anal- ogy to Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD or CAD/CAM). CAD traditionally refers to tools to visualize, describe, edit and test manufactured artifacts, which are now an indispensable part of all manufacturing and production processes. Computer-Aided Design systems are successful in manufacturing be- cause they repl