Copper Development Association Marine （铜开发协会海洋）.pdfVIP

Copper Development Association 5 Grovelands Business Centre, Boundary Way, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 7TE Website: .uk . Email: info@.uk. About CDA Copper Development Association (CDA) is part of the Copper Alliance, a global network of Copper Centres, with headquarters in New York (International Copper Association, Ltd) and a regional office in Brussels (European Copper Institute). CDA is a non-profit making trade association incorporated in 1933, supporting and promoting copper usage in the UK in such areas as building and construction, industrial alloys, public health and communications. CDAs remit is to promote and support the correct and efficient use of copper and copper alloys for all major applications through the provision of information, literature, software and training to material specifiers, designers, engineers, architects, consultants and contractors. CDA maintains links with academic institutions, industry, professional bodies and other Copper Centres around the world. Copper Alloys in Marine Environments Copper, the most noble of the metals in common use, has excellent resistance to corrosion in the atmosphere and in fresh water. In seawater, the copper-nickel alloys have superior resistance to corrosion, coupled with excellent anti-fouling properties. Copper cladding of wooden-hulled warships, introduced by the Royal Navy in the 18th century to prevent damage by wood-boring insects and worms such as the teredo, was discovered to prevent biofouling by weed and molluscs. This meant that ships could stay at sea for long periods without cleaning. Nelsons successful blockade tactics, and subsequent victory at Trafalgar, was partly due to the superior speed of his clean-hulled ships. The addition of nickel to copper improves its strength and durability, and also the resistance to corrosion and erosion in natural wate