明清两代品种繁多 the four most famous ink stones 四大名砚duan .pptVIP

Four Treasures of the Chinese study 文房四宝 Introduction The brushes The ink sticks Paper The ink stones INTRODUCCTION The four treasures are special representation for Chinese culture. They are an impotant integral part of the Chinese traditional culture， and a resplendent treasure in the history of science and culture of our world. 文房四宝是中国文化的特别代表。他们是中国传统文化的重要组成部分同时也是我们世界科学和文化的历史的华丽的财富。 It first appeared in people s eyes at the northern and southern dynasties in Chinese history . 文房之名，起于中国历史上南北朝时期。 Traditional Chinese writing tools include the brushes , the ink sticks ,paper and the ink stones . 中国传统书写工具包括毛笔，,墨、纸和砚台。 The brushes 毛笔 It can be considered an unique one in the all kinds of pens .It has special fuctions in ancient China , like painting ,writing and so on . 在众笔之中，它被视为一种独特笔。它在中国古代具有特殊的功能,如绘画、写作等等。 It said that the brush was first made by Meng Tian ,a famous general of Qin Dynasty . Till now, it has survived over 22oo years . 据说,毛笔第一次是由秦朝的一个著名的将军蒙恬发明的。直到现在,它历经22 oo多年。 In terms of materials, we can devide it into several kinds ,such as rabbit hair ones , horsehair ones or such like . While in terms of quality , we can conclude it into golden ,silver , ivory , or bamboo. And in terms of performance, it includes hard, soft hair, and Jian . 从笔毫的原料上来分，我们可以分为许多种,如兔毛的，马鬃的，或者类似的。从笔管的质地来分，,我们可以总结成金,银,象牙,或竹子。从性能上分，则有硬毫、软毫、兼毫. Hu Bi 湖笔 As for brush, the famous brushes are Xuan Bi, Hu Bi and Song Bi . 文房四宝中的毛笔，著名的有宣笔、湖笔及宋笔(四川乐山). The ink sticks 墨 The main raw material are carbon black ink, the forger, glue, etc. It is the existence of the carbon element in amorphous type .Through the inkstone grinding can produce ink for calligraphy , it exists in the water with the colloid solution. 墨的主要原料是炭黑、松烟、胶等， 是碳元素以非晶质型态的存在。通过 砚用水研磨可以产生用于毛笔书写的 墨汁，在水中以胶体的溶液存在。 China has two thousand years of history, the first application is the forger inks. The Song Dynasty produced a lampblack ink used for painting and calligraphy. 中国已有两千多年的制墨历史，最早应用的是松烟墨，宋时产生一种书画用的油烟墨。 The or