介系词片语.ppt

Essential grammar Week 5 By Peiling Hsia Contents: Subject Subject-Verb agreement Parallelism structural Dangling and misplaced modifiers Participial phrases How to read long sentences Subject Subject Subject-Verb Agreement主詞動詞一致性 動詞的單數和複數隨主詞的單數或複數而定。? 基本原則：單數主詞需要單數動詞；複數主詞需要複數動詞。 When the subject of a sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a plural verb. 1. 不定代名詞 (indefinite pronouns) anyone, everyone, someone, no? one, nobody 是單數 ! Everyone has done his or her homework. Somebody has left her purse. 若干不定代名詞 (如 all, some) 為複數或單數 -- 視其所指的名詞為可數或不可數而定。 Some of the beads are _____ missing. Some of the water ____ gone. “none” 可為單數或複數 (除非句子中有別的人事物來決定它) None of you claims responsibility for this incident? None of you claim responsibility for this incident? None of the students have done their homework. (their 這個字告訴你要使用複數動詞，不能使用單數動詞。) 2. 不定代名詞 “everyone” 和 “everybody”，像是在談論一個人以上，所以使用複數動詞； 而 each 後面常接複數字，經常困擾我們對動詞的選擇 - each 要用單數動詞　 Everyone has finished his or her homework. Everybody knows Mr. Jones. Each of the students _____ responsible for doing his or her work in the? library.  3. together with, as well as 和 along with 等片語與 and 並不相同　 The mayor as well as his brothers is going to prison. The mayor and his brothers are going to jail. (由 as well as 或 along with 所引導的片語係修飾前面的字，並未使主詞複數化 ) (而 and 則有使主詞 1+1=2 的複數化作用) 4. neither 和 either 是單數，即使就某一方面來說它們似乎是指兩樣事物　 Neither of the two traffic lights is working. Either suit ____ fine with me. Either ____ correct. 5. 連接詞 or 並沒有結合的作用。 在使用 or 或 nor 的場合，比較接近動詞的主詞決定了動詞的數。　 Either my father or my brothers are going to sell the house. Neither my brothers nor my father is going to sell the house. The boy or his friends run every day. His friends or the boy runs every day. 6. there 和 here 不是主詞　 There are two reasons for this. There is no reason for this. Here are two apples.(主詞跟隨在動詞之後) 7. 有時修飾語是放在主詞和動詞之間，但這些修飾語不應混淆主詞及其動詞之間的一致性。　 The mayor