第2章名词和名词短语.docVIP

(第二章 名词和名词词组(1)：名词和名词的数) 难点、重点 The functions of noun phrases: In function, a noun phrase can play such grammatical roles as subject, object, complement, modifier and even adverbial. 名词词组的功能，可以作主语、宾语、补语、修饰语（a tea table），有些的甚至可以作状语(yesterday, last week)。 Noun classes 名词可以以多种方法分类,如具体名词(table, water)与抽象名词 (happiness, hatred),可数名词(table, girl)与不可数名词(water, money),有生物名词(boy, monkey)与无生物名词(table, water)等.但名词 通常按以下方式分类: 名词|专有名词Proper nouns (nouns) |可数名词|普通名词(common nouns) (c. nouns) |物质名词(mass nouns) 我们在可数名词和物质名词中还可以再划分具体名词和抽象名词: 名词--|专有名词 |普通名词--|可数名词--|具体名词(concrete nouns) (common n.)| |抽象名词(abstract nouns |物质名词--|具体名词(concrete nouns) |抽象名词(abstract nouns) 3.缩略词：加-’s，-s，双写或零形式复数，首字母缩略词， 加-‘s或-s： MP(议员) MP’s／MPs POW(战犯) POW’s／POWs VIP(要人) VIP’s／VIPs laser lasers 缩略词加-s，双写或用零形式复数： 缩略词加-s Dr．(医生) Drs． hr(小时) hrs．(或hr．) yd．(码) yds． Yr. (年) yrs． 双写: ex．(例子) exx． gal．(加仑) gall． 1. (行) ll． p．(页) pp 或用零形式复数 ft．(英尺) ft kg．(公斤) kg． km．(公里) km min．(分) min． sec．(秒) Sec 4.熟记教材（P65）单位名称表 重要概念 Proper noun: Proper nouns are nouns referring to specific person, place or thing,such as Smith, Mark (persons), Washington D.C., London (places), NATO, United Nations (things)(专有名称是特指人,地方或事物的名词) Mass noun: Those that can not take plural are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词) Unit noun: It is also called partitive, is a very special class of words that is used to specify the quantities measures and shapes of the modified noun such as: piece, batch, bunch, item, etc. (单位名词亦称 “部分词”用于说明所修饰名词的量、大小和形状等) Foreign plurals：They are words borrowed from some other languages which still take their original forms of plural，Most often，they are from-Latin，French，Greek：alumna--alumnae，index--indices，plateau--plat