2 mitosis and meiosis2011课件.ppt

2 mitosis and meiosis;2 mitosis and meiosis;2 mitosis and meiosis;2 mitosis and meiosis;2 mitosis and meiosis;2.1 Cell Structure;细胞壁;叶绿体;内质网;高尔基体;线粒体;细胞核;原生质膜;核糖体;液胞;2.1 Cell Structure;2．1 Cell Structure;2．1 Cell Structure;2．1 Cell Structure;Chromatin;2．1 Cell Structure;2．1 Cell Structure;chromosomes;2．1 Cell Structure;;FIGURE 2-2 CoIor-enhanced electron micrograph of E．coli undergoing cell division．Particularly prominent are the two chromosomal areas (shown in red)，called nucleoids类核，that have been partitioned into the daughter cells．;Summry and questions;Summry and questions;2．2 Homologous Chromosomes， Haploidy,and Diploidy;centromere location;Figure 2-3 Centromere locations and designations chromosomes based on centromere location. ;centromere location;;several observations about mitosis;several other observations about mitosis;several other observations about mitosis;designations chromosomes based on centromere location;exceptions;Figure2-4 A metaphase preparation of chromosomes derived from a dividing cell of a human male (top photo), and the karyotype derived from the metaphase preparation. All but the X and Y chromosomes are present in homologous pairs. Each chromosome is clearly a double structure, constituting a pair of sister chromatids joined by a common centromere． ;Figure 2-4 illustrates the physical appearance of different pairs of homologous chromosomes． the mitotic chromosomes have been photographed，cut out of the print，and matched up，creating a karyotype．;sister chromatids;sister chromatids;haploid number (n);demonstrate the wide range of n values;locus;biparental inheritance;alleles;Summary;questions;questions;2．3Mitosis and Cell Division;2．3Mitosis and Cell Division;nuclear division or karyokinesis核分裂;Mitosis and Cell Division;Mitosis and Cell Division;2.3.1 Interphase and the Cell Cycle;Figure 2-5 The intervals comprising an arbitrary cell cycle 2.3.1 Interphase and the Cell Cycle;biochemical step critical to the ensuing mitosis