a simple harmonic motion课件.pptVIP

Harmonic Motion;振动是指某一物理量（如位移、电压、电量、电场强度、气压等）在一个定值附近随时间反复变化的现象。;1. Simple harmonic motion;判据1：物体所受回复力与位移成正比且反向;The shadow of an object undergoing uniform circular motion executes exactly the same motion as the oscillating mass and spring system .;旋转振幅矢量;Example 1 A particle of mass 0.25 kg undergoes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.15 m and a frequency of 100 Hz . What is (a) its angular frequency ? (b) the spring constant ? (c) its maximum velocity ? (d) its maximum acceleration? ;例、底面积为 S 的长方形木块，浮于水面，水下部分高度为 a，用手按下 x 后释放，证明木块运动为谐振动。;2. Energy conservation and simple harmonic motion;Example 2 A spring of spring constant 20N/m hangs unstretched . A 0.20 kg mass is attached to the free and released . Find (a) how far below the initial position the mass descends , (b) the energy of the oscillator .;例、??直悬挂的弹簧振子如图所示，设平衡时弹簧伸长为 x0, 振幅为A，计算其机械能：（1）以平衡位置为坐标原点，以弹簧原长处为重力势能和弹性势能零点；（2）以平衡位置为坐标原点及势能零点。;（2）以平衡位置为势能零点;3. Initial conditions ;The general solution to the simple harmonic motion is :;By specifying the initial conditions – the displacement and velocity of the oscillator at time t=0 – we can determine the constants ( A , B ) that specify the simple harmonic motion .;Example 3 A 0.5 kg mass is attached to a spring with spring constant k=120 N/m and set into motion . A clock is started when the oscillator has a displacement x(0)=0.3 m and a velocity v(0)=6.0 m/s . What is the displacement of the oscillator at time t ? ;如果振动方程写成：;根据：;例、根据下图写出振动方程;例、已知质点的振动方程为;4. The simple pendulum ;When we consider small oscillation ;Example 4 A pendulum has an amplitude of 20o and a length of 2.0 m . Find (a) its natural frequency (b) its maximum velocity .