chaper 4 CPI课件.ppt

CPI and inflation The consumer price index C H A P T E R C H E C K L I S T When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to 6.1 THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average of the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of consumer goods and services. The BLS calculates the CPI every month. We can use these numbers to compare what a fixed basket of goods costs this month with what it cost in some previous month. CPI（居民消费价格指数, consumer price index）是指城乡居民购买支付生活消费品和服务项目的价格，是社会产品和服务项目的最终价格， 居民消费价格指数是一个反映居民家庭一般所购买的消费商品和服务价格水平变动情况的指标。是通过一组代表性消费品及服务项目随着时间的变动，反映在居民家庭购买消费品及服务价格水平变动情况的相对数（指数的基期数值定为一百）。居民消费价格指数度量指定的一篮子消费商品和服务随着时间的变动，价格发生的变动。 6.1 THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Reading the CPI Numbers The CPI is defined to equal 100 for a period called the reference base period. Reference base period is a period for which the CPI is defined to equal 100. Currently, the reference base period is 1982?1984. 6.1 THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX In August 2007, the CPI was 207.9. The average of the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of consumer goods and services was 107.9 percent higher in August 2007 than it was on the average during 1982?1984. In July 2007, the CPI was 208.3. The average of the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of consumer goods and services decreased by 0.4 of a percentage point in August 2007. 6.1 THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Constructing the CPI Three stages: Selecting the CPI basket Conducting the monthly price survey Calculating the CPI What’s the CPI basket? The basket contains the goods and services represented in the index and the relative importance attached to each of them. To make the relative importance of the items in the CPI basket the same as in the budget of an average urban household 6.1 THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX The CPI Basket Make the relative importance of the items in the CPI basket the same as in the budget of an average urban household