chapter 12 language and brain课件.ppt

Chapter 12 Language and Brain;Neurolinguistics ; It includes research into ◇ how the structure of the brain influences language learning ◇ how and in which parts of the brain language is stored ◇ how damage to the brain affects the ability to use language ; Lateralization of the Brain;Brain Lateralization (大脑侧化);认知功能和感知功能位于大脑的某一半球上被称为侧化。;Lateralization of functions;Methods to Study the Brain;Three major types of Aphasia;;Broca’s Aphasia;Wernicke’s Aphasia; Sign Languages;Signer Aphasia;Dyslexia（难语症）;Acquired dyslexia(习得性失读症);Phonological dyslexia Surface dyslexia ;Acquired Dyslexia = Alexia;Split-brain;Left vs. Right Brain;Other studies;Precision of stimulus analysis in the brain is reduced on the midline areas of the body Speech organs (vocal tract, tongue, larynx, etc.) are in the midline Asymmetry of motor control of speech areas (sidedness in language) provides unchallenged control Observed in songbirds too But hemispheric dominance is not absolute, both sides are necessary: After commisurotomy, left is better than right, but both are affected;Effects of Aging on Nervous System