宝石鉴赏名词解释（A noun of appreciation）.docVIP

宝石鉴赏名词解释（A noun of appreciation） Noun explanation ? ? gem ? ? ? Gemstones are the general term for natural jewelry, jade and artificial gemstones. Its all about thinking, After carving can become jewelry or Materials of arts and crafts. Such as diamond, jade, glass, plastic, synthetic ruby, yttrium aluminum garnet and so on. ? ? Natural stone ? ? ? Refers to the natural output, has beautiful appearance ( It is composed of color, transparency, purity, gloss, special optical effect, etc into ) A mineral single crystal that can be processed into ornaments ( Can contain the twin ) It is. Like emerald crystal, diamond crystal ? Natural jade ? ? ? To be produced by nature, Have beauty, Mineral assemblages that are durable, rare, and technological value, and a few are amorphous Body. Such as jade ? ? Natural organic stone ? ????? A natural organic gemstone, which is formed by a natural organism, partly or wholly composed of organic matter. Such as coral, amber, ivory, pearls, cultured pearls, etc. ? The diamond 4 c The principle of ? For a finished diamond, the general color of the industry (Color) , weight, (Carat) , clarity (Clarity) And cut (Cut) It is. Four criteria for evaluation. Since the first letters of these four standard English words are c, so The habit is called 4 c Rating. ? Diamonds and graphite are all carbon. Why are diamonds much harder than graphite? ? The composition of diamonds is C The crystal structure is every one C Atoms and neighbors 4 a C Atoms are formed by covalent bonding Tetrahedron with ? A. The diamond has high hardness (10) High melting point, chemical properties within a wide range of temperature pressures The quality is stable. ? The graphite component is also C, Its crystal structure is layered structure, each layer is composed of C The atoms are arranged in a circle of six rings, the top of the net C The atom is at the center of the six - square ring of the lower surface. Every one in the face net C The atoms are three adjacent to each