句子的构成和结构.docVIP

句子的成分 句子是按照一定的语法或句法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，主要包括：主语、 谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主 语 The Subject 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、数词，不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句等充当。 1 Anne is from Australia. 2 Is Lucy an American girl ? 3 She often goes to the movies. 4 We study in No.1 Middle School. 5The classroom is very clean. 6 Three plus five equals eight. 7 To teach them English is my job. 8 Seeing is believing .眼见为实 9 What Peter said was right . 注意：在有些句子中需要用it作形式主语。例如： 1 It is very important to master a foreign language . 2 It was right that you told me the truth . 谓 语 The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语后面。 1 He has a toothache. 2 We study hard. 3 We have finished the job. 4 He can speak English. 宾 语The Object 表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词,不定式，动名词或宾语从句等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。一般在谓语之后。 1 All of us like him. 2 Hes playing soccer. 3 Can I ask some questions? 4 She is playing the piano now. 5 Lucy likes to sleep in the open air. 6 We enjoy living in China. 7 I dont know who is Jim . 8 I don’t mind answering your question . 注意：在有些句子中需要用it作形式宾语。例如：Some students find it hard to improve English . 定 语The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语，不定式，动词ing形式，过去分词，或定语从句等充当。 1 Whats your name,please? 2 Shes a good basketball player. 3 The little boy gave me a big apple. 4 She made a paper kite . 5 It is an interesting film . 6 This is the factory where Peter used to work . 7 This is a book written by Mr Brown . 状 语The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语、不定式,过去分词，动词ing形式，状语从句等来充当。 1 People are working hard. 2 Beijing is not very cold in winter. 3 He did it carefully. 4 Without his help,we couldnt work it out. 5 He worked hard to pass the test .