解释过去的文件.doc

HYPERLINK /view/403770.htm#过去完成进行时 主语 +had+been（助动词） +谓语动词-ing 比较HYPERLINK /view/403770.htm# HYPERLINK /view/403770.htm过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后才结束 He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的HYPERLINK /view/111834.htm状语） 他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。 Up to that time he had been translating those books． 直到那时他一直在翻译这些书。 He had been writing the letter till two oclock． 他一直在写那封信到两点钟。 He was thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．） 他三十岁。他从十岁开始就一直在赌博。（三十岁的他仍然赌博。） He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语） 他一直站在太阳底下。 He had been thinking about his marriage．（没有时间状语） 他一直在对他的婚姻思考。 不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去： He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．） 他在七点回来了。他等了她两个小时。（七岁的他不想再等了。） He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours． 他停止了游泳。他已经在过去的三小时内游泳。 3特别含义HYPERLINK /view/403770.htm# 1）尚未完成： He had been writing the novel．（He had not finished it yet．） 2）企图： He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（He was trying to study it．） 3）未得结果： We had been studying what our enemy had said．（But we were not able to understand it．） 4）最近情况： He had been quarrelling with his wife．（lately） 5）反复动作： He had been asking me the same question．（Many times） 6）情绪： What had he been doing？（不耐烦） 4特点HYPERLINK /view/403770.htm# 这种时态很少用在HYPERLINK /view/312417.htm否定句中，而多以HYPERLINK /view/201153.htm过去完成时代替： He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法） He had not been practising English for many years．（少见） 这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的HYPERLINK /view/1929194.htm间接引语中，代替HYPERLINK /view/758109.htm现在完成进行时： He said，“I have been speaking to John．”= He said that he had been speaking to John． He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed． 过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。 现在完成进行时 (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分词构成； 过去完成进行时（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been