Sx008-小脑 间脑的.ppt

人体解剖学 Human Anatomy;★ Section 2 脑 Brain; Brain needs a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients. So a failure of cerebral circulation for as short an interval as 10 seconds causes unconsciousness.;★ Brain is divided into four principal parts: ①脑干 Brain stem consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Its lower end is continuous with spinal cord. ②小脑 Cerebellum lies behind pons and medulla oblongata. ;Part 1. 脑干 Brain Stem; Brain stem is stalk like part of brain, which connects cerebrum, cerebellum with spinal cord. ; On ventral aspect, two distinct transverse grooves just above superior border and below inferior border of pons demarcate three parts of brain stem, from below upwards, medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.;★ I.脑干的外形 External features ☆ I)延髓 Medulla oblongata is most caudal part of brain; ; ④橄榄 Olive → posterolateral to pyramid is an oval elevation, produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus. ⑤橄榄后沟 Retroolivary sulcus → rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory n. ( IX, X, XI ) emerge from it. ;;☆ II)脑桥 Pons interposes between midbrain and medulla oblongata. It rests upon dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone and adjacent basilar part of occipital b.. ☆ 1. Ventral surface ①基底部 Basilar part → huge; ③延髓脑桥沟 Bulbopontine sulcus → from medial to lateral, abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear n. (VI, VII, VIII) appear.④小脑中脚 Middle cerebellar peduncle → is formed by transverse fibers of basilar part that converge on each side into a compact mass. ;☆ 2. Dorsal surface ①小脑上脚 Superior cerebellar peduncle → are two prominent along lateral borders of fourth ventricle. ②前髓帆 Superior medullary velum → a thin lamina of; Its boundaries are superior cerebellar peduncles, inferior cerebellar peduncles, and cuneate and gracile tubercles from above downwards. ; ②正中沟 Median sulcus → divide rhomboid fossa into symmetrical halves. ③内侧隆起 Medial eminence → a ridge on each side of median sulcus. ④界沟 Sulcus limit