大学入学考试英语.pptVIP

语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主谓之间的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。 把主动语态变成被动语态，是把助动词be变为主动态，动词原来的时态，再加上主要动词的过去分词。主动态，动词的主语这时变成被动态动词的施动者。这个施动者常常被提到。可置于by之后或放在从句的后面。 This chair was made by my father.; 各个进行时态的被动态，要求用be的进行时加上主要动词的过去分词，be的这种进行时形式在其他方面很少使用。 主动态：They are repairing the bridge. 被动态：The bridge is being repaired. 主动态：They were carrying the injured player off the field. 被动态：The injured player was being carried off the field.; 助动词+动词原形结构可借助被动式来构成被动语态： 主动态： You must \should shut these doors. 被动态： These doors must\should be shut. 表示喜欢、热爱、希望、想要及与其相似意义的动词+宾语+不定式，由不定式的被动式结成其被动语态。 主动态：He wants someone to take photographs. 被动态：He wants photographs to be taken .;表示命令、请求、劝告、邀请的动词+间接宾语+不定式，可用主动词的被动式来构成被动语态： 主动态：He invited me to go. 被动态：I was invited to go.;但是，如果是advise\beg\order\recommend\urge +间接宾语+不定式+宾语的结构，则可以构成两种被动语态： 主动态：He urged the Council to reduce the rates. 被动态：1 The Council was urged to reduce the rates. 2 He urged that the rates should be reduced. 至于agree\be anxious \be determine\decide\demand +不定式+宾语，则通常用that ----should 的结构表示被动，同上第二种方式： 主动态：He decided to sell the house. 被动态：He decided that the house should be sold.;被动态通常用于以下各种情况： 1. 动作的实施者很明显，没有必要提到时： The streets are swept every day. 2. 不知道，不确定或忘记了谁是施动者时： The minister was murdeded. 3. 主动动词的主语是人们时： He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. 4. 对所做的事情比对做事的人更感兴趣时： The house next door has been bought (by a Mr.Jones) 5. 使用被动语态，可避免说出别扭或不合语法的句子时： When he arrived home a detective arrested him. 最好表示为：When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).;用在被动语态后面的不定式通常带 的不定式，尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带 的不定式： 主动态：We saw them go out.被动态：They were seen to go out 主动态：He made us work. 被动态：We were made to work. 然而，惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to : 主动态：They let us go. 被动态：We were let go.;注意英语中有些情况不能用被动语态： 1) 所有的不及物动词和某些短语，如： happen \enter\break out \belong to \date from\lose heart\take place 2) 某些动词形态上是助动结构，但却表示被动意义，如表示状态特征的系动词： look\ feel \smell\ taste\ sound\prove\appear等 The idea sounds interesting. Good medicine