抗体(分得很细)课件.pptVIP

Antibodies;Antibody Structure;凛垒伊帝裹鲍沉畏沾勺淄格肤掘室癌菱浪缚忘郎迁锨胳遥礁集左琳笼赘帚抗体(分得很细)课件抗体(分得很细)课件;The Immunoglobulin Superfamily(a few examples);Variability in antibodies is clustered in the loops in the Variable domains of the heavy and light chains (green); these regions are responsible for binding to antigen;Antibody Classes: Structure;Affinity and Avidity;Affinity and Avidity II;? New Science Press Ltd. 2003;Monoclonal Antibodies;Polyclonal vs. Monoclonal Antibodies;Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies;Monoclonal antibodies used in medicine;Generation of antibody diversity;V(D)Jrecombination;Generation of Antibody Diversity;Discovery of Rag1, 2 genes;Mechanism of V(D)J recombination;Creation of Junctional Diversityby P-regions and TdT;Defects in Lymphocyte development leading to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID);Lymphoid malignancies resulting from errors in V(D)J recombination;Ig Heavy chain class (isotype) switching;;from Longacre and Storb Cell 102: 541, 2000.;Proposed mechanism of targeting of somatic hypermutation;Comparison of VDJ recombination, class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation;Comparison of VDJ recombination, class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation;Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID);AID: How does it work?;AID as a mutator of DNA;In hypermutation: U in DNA could lead to direct mutations and secondary mutations via missmatch repair and/or error-prone DNA polymerases In class switch recombination:U in DNA could lead to nick formation by repair enzymes: nicks on both strands--ds breaks--recombination ;Evolution of adaptive immunity;Shark Ig gene cassettes;Chickens create variability by gene conversion (AID-dependent)