普罗普Propp叙事学理论课件.pptVIP

Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp Владимир Яковлевич Пропп ; Propp Narrative structure Criticism ;Vladimir Propp (1895 - 1970) Russian philologist and structuralist ?(transitional) who analysed the basic plot components of Russian folk tales to identify their simplest irreducible narrative elements. born and educated in St. Petersburg ;1. Functions There were just thirty-one generic functions (narratemes“) in the traditional Russian folk tale, and the functions are displayed in unvarying sequence while not all are present in every tale. ;What is function? ---- The term “function” was the term Propp used to refer to the “act” of the character. Function is the smallest narrative unit. 1. 沙皇以苍鹰赏赐主角，主角驾苍鹰飞向另一国度。 2. 老人以骏马赠送主角，主角骑马至另一国家。 3. 巫师赠给伊凡一艘帆船，伊凡乘船渡至另一国家。 公主送给伊凡一个戒指，戒指里走出一个年轻人，他带着伊凡到另一个王国。 Although these characters are different, what they do is the same in nature. That act is called function. ;0. Initial situation 1. Absentation--2. Interdiction-- 3. Violation of interdiction--4. Reconnaissance----5. Delivery--6. Trickery--7. Complicity--8. Villainy and/or lack--9. Mediation--10. Counteraction--11. Departure--12. Testing--13. Reaction--14. Acquisition--15. Guidance--16. Struggle--17. Branding--18. Victory--19. Resolution--20. Return--21. Pursuit-- 22. Rescue--23. Arrival--24. Claim--25. Task--26. Solution--27. Recognition--28. Exposure-- 29. Transfiguration--30. Punishment--31. Wedding ;The functions of each of the characters are constant stable elements independent of how or by whom they are fulfilled, thus becoming the fundamental components of a tale. The functions of each tale are limited and always sequentially identical, even if some of the functions are absent.;;1. The villain — struggles against the hero. 2. The donor — prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object. 3. The (magical) helper — helps the hero in the quest. 4. The princess and her father — gives the task to the hero, identifies the false hero, marries the hero, often