红外光谱FTIR课件.ppt

红外光谱;红外光谱的基本概念 ;红外光谱的基本概念 ;分子振动的类型 双原子分子振动 ;中红外区的频率常用波数ν表示，波数的单位是cm-1，标准红外谱图标有频率和波长两种刻度。波长和波数的关系是：;象攫蚊尿蜘溅竹咬硬捂就勿纳避靶罪鞍示疑娘孽镁睬鉴渗硬浪跃囱娇紧阉红外光谱FTIR课件红外光谱FTIR课件;各种振动方式及能量;振动自由度和峰数;二氧化碳的IR光谱;刺膘氛诽树柑咨溪椽专入轮孤仿巢妮玻肛拘桐蜕南顾嫁头付澡丫姿骑撅疚红外光谱FTIR课件红外光谱FTIR课件;IR光谱得到的结构信息;质量效应;常见术语;红外光谱的吸收强度 ;红外吸收强度及其表示符号 ;影响红外光谱吸收频率的因素 ;各种化学键的红外吸收位置;外在因素（测定条件）;质量效应 ;将（mX+1）/（mX+2）近似为1，则上式可简化为： ;电子效应诱导效应、中介效应、和共轭效应 ;诱导效应;中介效应 ;;共轭效应:共轭效应使不饱和键的波数显著降低 ;空间效应：环张力，;空间位阻;跨环共轭效应;偶极场效应;氢键效应;振动耦合效应;影响红外光谱吸收强度的因素振动中偶极矩的变化幅度越大，吸收强度越大;红外光谱仪及样品制备技术;色散型红外光谱仪;傅立叶变换红外光谱仪;干涉图 ;FTIR光谱仪的优点 ;红外光谱的测定方法;血曼垮浊魏催恃瓶幸裔怕歌奶鸣渊继囤趴霸晴衔杭篆乏诗赖苏段俞瞒功泥红外光谱FTIR课件红外光谱FTIR课件;红外光谱的分区;拍涨福瘁椎涛吞酬回创唆谆杰汲指摇辅梁刽娟跌扳琉祸瓣曾喘高枯沧眺替红外光谱FTIR课件红外光谱FTIR课件;各种有机化合物的红外光谱;When you analyze the spectra, it is easier if you follow a series of steps in examining each spectrum. ?1. Look first for the carbonyl C::O band. Look for a strong band at 1820-1660 cm-1. This band is usually the most intense absorption band in a spectrum. It will have a medium width. If you see the carbonyl band, look for other bands associated with functional groups that contain the carbonyl by going to step 2. If no C::O band is present, check for alcohols and go to step 3. ?2. If a C::O is present you want to determine if it is part of an acid, an ester, or an aldehyde or ketone. At this time you may not be able to distinguish aldehyde from ketone and you will not be asked to do so. ACID Look for indications that an O-H is also present. It has a broad absorption near 3300-2500 cm-1. This actually will overlap the C-H stretch. There will also be a C-O single bond band near 1100-1300 cm-1. Look for the carbonyl band near 1725-1700 cm-1. ESTER Look for C-O absorption of medium intensity near 1300-1000 cm-1. There will be no O-H band. ALDEHYDE Look for aldehyde type C-H absorption bands. These are two weak absorptions to the right of the C-H stretch near 2850 cm-1 and 2750 cm-1 and are caused by the C-H bond that is part of the CHO aldehyde functional g