句子的构成和类型.doc

句子的成分与种类（Mar.11） 一、定义：表示完整而独立意思的语言单位。句首字母大写，且末尾有？. 和！。 二、句子成分： 1主语：动作或状态的主体，由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当。练习： 1）Tom?is?a?good?boy.? 2)We?often?speak?English?in?class.? 3)One-third?of?the?students?in?this?class?are?girls.? 4)To?swim?in?the?river?is?a?great?pleasure.? 5)Smoking?does?harm?to?the?health.? 6)The?rich?should?help?the?poor. 2谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或动词短语充当。有人称、数、时态、语态和语气变化。练习： 1）I like apples. 2)He practise running every morning. 3)You may keep the book for two weeks. 4)He has caught a bad cold. 5)We are having a quick breakfast. 3宾语：及物动词或短语的对象或内容，代词必须用宾格。 v+to do:want,hope,decide,start,prefer,choose,learn,try,afford,offer, v+doing:feel like,enjoy,finish,mind,practise,keep; 区分：stop,forget,remember,go on,try They?went?to?see?an?exhibition?yesterday The?heavy?rain?prevented?me?from?coming?to?school?on?time.? How?many?dictionaries?do?you?have??I?have?three.? They?helped?the?old?with?their?housework?yesterday He?pretended?not?to?see?me.? I?enjoy?listening?to?popular?music.? I?think?(that)?he?is?fit?for?this?job. 4定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的，常为形容词。 Guilin?is?a?beautiful?city China?is?a?developing?country.? America?is?a?developed?country There?are?thirty?women?teachers?in?our?school.? His?maths?is?very?good.? I?am?the?last?person?to?leave?the?classroom. 5状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、状态和程度等。 Light?travels?most?quickly.? He?has?lived?in?the?city?for?ten?years. 6补语：补充说明主语或宾语。 注意：make.let,have,see,hear,watch+do动词原形 His?father?named?him?Dong?Ming.? They?painted?their?boat?white.? Let?the?fresh?air?in.? I?ask?him?to?go?home?now.? We?saw?her?entering?the?room. 7表语：系动词后，表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，多由名词，形容词充当。练习： My?mother?is?a?doctor.? Is?it?yours?? The?weather?has?turned?cold.? The?speech?is?exciting.? The?door?is?closed.? Three?times?seven?is?twenty?one.? His?job?is?to?teach?English. 三、分类： (一)按构成分为：简单句（只有一个主谓）、并列句、复合句 （二）按用途分为 1陈述句：1）肯定2）否定。肯定变否定的四种方法：①情态动词+not;②be+not;③do(does,did)+not;④用no,never,hardly,nothing,nobody，none,neither等否定词。Some-any,already—yet,too—either,always—never,both—neither,something—any