复合句名词}.docVIP

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复合句名词}

复合句——名词性从句 Noun Clause 一、复合句的定义 复合句又称主从复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成,主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,只用作句子的一个成分,如主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、同位语、状语(包括地点、条件、时间、原因、让步、比较、结果等状语)。从句担任什么句子成分,这个从句就叫做该成分的从句,如主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 二、名词性从句的定义和分类 名词性从句相当于名词,可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 三、名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句的连接词分为从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether)虽有词义但在从句中不担任成分。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。连接副词when,where,why,how有词义,在从句中担任成分(状语)。 四、主语从句 主语从句的定义 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。 主语从句的表现形式 1.由从属连词引导 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 地球围绕太阳转这一点是众所周知的。 Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 他是否要来还不知道。 2.由连接代词引导 Who will go is not important. 谁将去那儿并不重要。 What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是再多一些训练。 Whoever is here gets a prize. 不管谁来,都能获奖。 Whatever I have done is only for you. 无论我做什么都是为了你。 3.由连接副词引导 When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided. 他什么时候动身去美国还未决定。 Why he failed the physics exam was not clear. 还不清楚他为什么没有通过物理考试。 Where he has been is still a puzzle. 他曾去过什么地方仍是个谜。 How Thomas Edison became a great inventor is known to all. 托马斯·爱迪生怎样成为一位伟大的发明家,这是众所周知的。 4.it作为形式主语代表主语从句 由于主语从句位于句首,句子显得笨重因此常把它移至句子后部,句首用引导词it来作形式主语。 It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. 真遗憾,她犯了如此愚蠢的错误。 It’s reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident. 据报道,那次交通事故中有3人丧命。 It doesn’t matter whether he’ll come or not. 他来不来都没关系。 It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 我碰巧身上没有带钱。 It seems that our football team will win the match.看来我们的足球队将会打赢那场比赛。 注意:it作形式主语代替主语从句时,要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较: It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主语从句,有that,无逗号) As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. (定语从句,无that,有逗号)上两句意为“据报道,美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。 必背 用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多,有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有: It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is announced that... 据宣布…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… I It is thought that..

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