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语法教学材料:虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would（should, could, might）+动词原形。”例如： If I were you, I should studay English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would（should, could, might）+have +过去分词”。例如： If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同，或者条件从句中用“were to（should）+动词原形”。例如： If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如： If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.) 5.以上句型可以转换成下列形式: 1)省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如: Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说: Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能说 Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy. 2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句.例如: Without air, there would be on living things. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. 3)用其了方式表示.例如: It would produce had results to do that. = If you have done that, it would produce bad results. (二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句 “wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等. 表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如: I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,等后面的宾主从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如: We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we (should) start right awa