02酸碱（02 acids and bases）.docVIP

02酸碱（02 acids and bases） Four. Questions and answers 1. to discuss the effect of hyponatremia on the body and its mechanism. [loss of sodium dehydration, extracellular fluid decrease and low osmotic state, water transfer from extracellular fluid to intracellular, which results in further decrease of extracellular fluid volume and prone to hypovolemic shock. Plasma osmotic pressure decreased, no thirst sensation, early ADH secretion decreased, polyuria and low density urine occurred. When the late blood volume decreased significantly, ADH release increased, oliguria and urinary gravity increased. Extracellular fluid low permeability, water transfer to the cell, plasma osmotic pressure increased, interstitial space into the blood vessel, resulting in obvious signs of dehydration. The urinary sodium content increased ( 20mmol/L) in patients with kidney failure and sodium excess, and the renal blood flow was reduced due to the decrease of blood volume, the activation of RAAs and the decrease of urinary sodium content ( 10mmol/L =). 2. to discuss the effect of high volume hyponatremia on the body and its mechanism. The retention of water increases the amount of extracellular fluid and reduces blood flow. Extracellular fluid low permeability, water transfer to the cell, causing intracellular edema 3. Intracellular fluid volume increases, easily lead to increased intracranial pressure, cerebral hernia caused by severe. Extracellular fluid, low permeability, decreased release of ADH, increased urine volume (with exception of renal dysfunction), decreased urinary gravity. 3. to discuss the effect of hyponatremia on the body and its mechanism. [dehydration dehydration sodium loss, extracellular fluid hypertonic, through the pressure sensitive receptors stimulate the center, causing thirst. The decrease of extracellular fluid volume, the increase of osmotic pressure, the increase of ADH secretion, the decrease of urine volume and the increase of urine gravity. 3. The extrace