ChapterHypersensitivity超敏反应.doc

Hypersensitivity超敏反应 Definition:It is excessive immune response, which leads to undesirable consequences, such as tissue or organ damage, dysfunction, etc. Type: I, II, III and IV Hypersensitivity Ab mediated: Type I, II, III由抗体所介导的 T cell mediated: Type IV由T细胞介导的。 Part I: Type I hypersensitivity Ⅰ型超敏反应又称过敏反应，主要由特异性抗体IgE抗体介导产生的，主要特征是 反应发生快，消退亦快 常引起生理功能紊乱，几乎不发生严重组织细胞损伤 具有明显个体差异和遗传倾向 IgE mediated, immediate hypersensitivity / allergy; Major features: 1. React and disappear quickly on re-exposure to Ag; 2. Dysfunction rather than severe tissue or cell damage occurs; 3. Obvious individual difference and genetic correlation. Allergen变态原：An antigen that causes all allergy. 变态原：凡经吸入或食入等途径进入体内后能引起IgE类抗体产生并导致变态反应的抗原性物质称为~。 The General Components： Allergens IgE and its receptors the cells-----mast cells basophils eosinophils Source of allergens some drugs chemical materials inspiratory food some enzyme substance IgE ------IgE can bind FcRI on mast cells and basophils by its CH4 domain, cause anaphylaxis过敏反应。 the level in serum ----normally: 0.1~0.4μg/ml ----for atopic individuals: 1μg/ml atopic individual -----allergens, IgE, excessive immune response the half-life-----in the serum : 2~3 days -----IgE had been bound to FcR: stable, weeks produced by B cell -----at the lymph tissue in the lamina propria of the nasopharynx, tonsil, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract cytophil antibody Th2 dependent IgE的产生依赖细胞因子IL-4，Th2细胞受变应原刺激活化分泌IL-4等细胞因子可诱导变应原特异性B细胞增殖，分化成浆细胞，通过Ig类别转换等机制产生特异性IgE抗体。Th2细胞的活化可被Th1细胞分泌的细胞因子IFN-γ以及DC和巨嗜细胞分泌的IL-2所抑制。因此提高Th1细胞活性，减少IL-4的水平，进而增加IgG抗体产生，降低IgE抗体的产生，将有助于过敏反应患者的治疗。 IgE receptors The high-affinity IgE receptor : FcεRI the affinity: higher mainly on mast cells and basophils, fewer on eosinophils, LG, monocytes, platelets four chains:---ITAM one receptor interacts with both CH3 of one IgE The low-affinity IgE receptor : FcεRII The affinity: lower----CD23分子 on mast cells, B cell, activated T cell