3.地质作用（3. geological processes）.docVIP

3.地质作用（3. geological processes） Weathering: under surface conditions, the rock is subjected to atmospheric, water, biological and other factors, in place of mechanical disintegration or chemical decomposition, forming a loose accumulation process. The measures to prevent rock weathering should be considered in two aspects: on the one hand, improve the integrity and strength of rocks, and improve the weathering resistance of rocks. General methods are: cement grouting, clay grouting, asphalt grouting and silicification, etc.. On the other hand, natural factors are prevented from invading rocks. Methods: the use of clay slurry, asphalt grout or cement grouting surface or underground cavern slope touch surface, closed bottom, to prevent rock surface in direct contact with air and water. The method of intercepting, discharging surface water and lowering ground water can also be used to reduce the weathering of water to rocks. The geological processes of the river include three aspects: erosion, transport, and deposition. River erosion is characterized by erosion, erosion, erosion, erosion and abrasion, and dissolution is secondary. Direction: river erosion erosion: river mud, sand, gravel to carry tools and to force and dissolved their own rock and soil on the bottom of the riverbed and the riverbed erosion reducing effect is called inhibition. Lateral erosion: the river takes the mud, sand and gravel as tools, and erosion and erosion of rock and soil on its banks with its own momentum and dissolution force, which makes the river valley bend and widen Four ways of handling: passage: the flow of sand, gravel, along the river bottom bed rolling, dragging and collision. Saltation: fine gravel and sand are primarily transported by leaps and bounds. Suspension: the smaller particles move in a suspended state. Dissolved transport: the river bed and transport of material, subject to chemical dissolution of water. Carried in a homogeneous solution in a river; carried away. Type