材料科技Chapter51Cement.pptVIP

Ch. 5 Cement and Concrete part 1: Cement Contents Introduction Production of cement Properties of cement Hydration of Cement New types of cement 1.1 Introduction to cement Introduction to Portland cement Portland cement is a type of hydraulic cement (水硬性水泥). It can set and harden after combining with water, as a result of chemical reactions with the mixing water and, after hardening, retain strength and stability even under water. Made primarily from limestone, clay minerals, and gypsum, in a high temperature process that drives off carbon dioxide and chemically combines the primary ingredients into new compounds (熟料). Setting and hardening of hydraulic cements is caused by the formation of water-containing compounds, forming as a result of reactions between cement components and water. 硅酸盐水泥定义（国标GB175-1999） 凡是由硅酸盐水泥熟料、0～5％石灰石或粒化高炉矿渣、适量石膏磨细后制成的水硬性胶凝材料称为硅酸盐水泥（国外称为Portland Cement). 水泥的分类 硅酸盐水泥分为两种类型，其中：Ⅰ型硅酸盐水泥是不掺加混合材料，代号为P.Ⅰ；Ⅱ型硅酸盐水泥是掺加不超过水泥质量5%的石灰石或粒化高炉矿渣混合材料，代号为P.Ⅱ。如：P.Ⅰ 42.5，P.Ⅱ 42.5R(国标GB175-1999)。 通用水泥的分类方法 根据强度等级分类 根据成分分类 根据掺合料类型分类 根据放热量多少分类 根据用途分类 1.2 Production of Portland Cement 硅酸盐水泥的生产 主要设备 原材料开采 原材料配料、粉磨、混合 煅 烧 熟料粉磨与储存 经过煅烧的熟料和未粉磨的石膏 能源和环境，水泥生产无法回避的问题 A few more facts Production rose by 60% in the last 10 years World production in 2006: 2.2 billion tons China: 50% of world production Top 10 companies represent 55% of global capacity, but many very small plants Little Trade: Only 5.8% traded internationally, cost consideration, standardization No global cement association 1.3 Properties of Cement 硅酸盐水泥颗粒几何性质-细度 细度(Fineness)是决定水泥强度发展和水化过程的重要性质； 细度增加，水化速率增大，放热加快，强度增长快，泌水减小，需水量增大，干缩增大，抗冻性、耐久性降低. 常用水泥细度鉴定方法 常用细度鉴定方法 45 mm或者80 mm筛析法 勃氏比表面积（Blaine Fineness） BET氮吸附法比表面积 Particle size distribution (PSD) 粒径分布 硅酸盐水泥熟料主要成分 There are four major minerals in Portland cement clinker: C3A—3CaO+Al2O3 （铝酸三钙） C2S—2CaO+SiO2 （硅酸二钙） C3S—3CaO+SiO2 （硅酸三钙） C4AF—4CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3 （铁铝酸四钙） Microscopic Images of Clinker 熟料中各相鉴别 硅酸盐水泥熟料各矿物相定量分析方法 光学显微镜法 电子显微镜法 X