钢中的元素（Elements in steel）.docVIP

钢中的元素（Elements in steel） In order to improve and improve some properties of steel and make it obtain some special properties, the elements added to the smelting process are called alloy elements. Commonly used alloying elements are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, cobalt, silicon, manganese, aluminum, copper, boron, rare earth and so on. Phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, etc., also play an alloying role in some cases. (1) chromium (Cr); Chromium can increase the hardenability of steel and has two hardening effects, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of carbon steel without embrittlement. When the content is more than 12%, the steel has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and oxidation resistance corrosion, and it also increases the thermal strength of steel. Chromium is the main alloying element of stainless steel, acid resistant steel and heat-resisting steel. Chromium can improve the strength and hardness of carbon steel rolling, reduce elongation and contraction ratio. When the content of chromium exceeds 15%, the strength and hardness will decrease, and the elongation and the shrinkage of the section will correspondingly increase. Containing chromium by grinding parts easy to obtain high surface quality. The main effect of chromium in quenched and tempered structure is to improve the hardenability of the steel after quenching and tempering has good mechanical properties, in steel can also be formed of chromium carbide, so as to improve the wear resistance of material surface. Chromium containing spring steel is not easy to decarburization in heat treatment. Chromium can improve the wear resistance, hardness and red hardness of tool steel, and has good temper stability. In the electric heating alloy, chromium can improve the oxidation resistance, resistance and strength of the alloy. (2) nickel (Ni); Nickel can strengthen ferrite and refine pearlite in steel, the overall effect is to increase the s