中考语法：名词,介词,连词概要.ppt

名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如： ⑴The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) ⑵The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) 2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如： Class Three is a very good class. (三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China. (三 班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如： There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数： The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) 6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。 A lot of students ____playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time ____ wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) 7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如： The teacher and his son ____ picking apples now. (老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) Fish and chips ____very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如： There is a table and four chairs in the room. (房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) 9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如： Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来) 10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如： A woman with a 7-year-old child ____ standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边) 11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如： Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如： Two months not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间) Two thousand kilometers quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离) 13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如： ⑴Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) ⑵A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) ⑶All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中