该条X染色体上的基因仍保持不活动Genetics-口腔病理科教学网.PPTVIP

Refs. 4, 6 Genetics Karyotype Genetics Karyotype Ref. 4 Red The centromere, or constricted portion, of each chromosome. Yellow chromosomal regions that vary in staining intensity and are sometimes called heterochromatin (meaning different color). Yellow with thin magenta horizontal lines. (e.g., on chromosome 21) denote variable regions, called stalks, that connect a very small chromosome arm (a satellite) to the chromosome. Magenta and blue These regions reflect the unique patterns of light and dark bands seen on human chromosomes that have been stained to allow viewing through a light microscope. Ref. 10 Genetics Karyotype 正常細胞 癌細胞 Ref. 1 Locus (基 因 座). The position occupied by a gene on a chromosome Meiosis (減 數 分 裂). The two-step cellular division of the original germ cells, which reduces the chromosomes from 4nDNA to 1nDNA Metaphase (中 期). The phase of cellular division in which the chromosomes are lined up evenly along the equatorial plane of the cell and in which the chromosomes are most visible Genetics Vocabulary Ref. 1 Mitosis (有 絲 分 裂). The way in which somatic cells divide so that the two daughter cells receive the same number of identical chromosomes Mutation (突 變). A permanent change in the arrangement of genetic material Oogenesis (卵 形 成 過 程). The process of formation of female germ cells (ova) Genetics Vocabulary Ref. 1 Ovum (卵 細 胞). An egg; the mature feminine germ cell Penetrance (外 顯 性). The frequency with which a heritable trait is manifested by individuals carrying the gene or genes that determine that trait (特性) Phenotype (外 表 性). The entire physical, biochemical, and physiologic make-up of an individual; genotype is the genetic composition, and phenotype is its observable appearance Genetics Vocabulary Ref. 1 Recessive (隱 性). A trait or characteristic that shows clinically when there is a double gene dose (homozygous) in autosomic chromosomes or a single gene dose in males if the trait is X-linked Ribonucl