DangersofOxygen-DeficientAtmospheres空气缺氧的危险.PDFVIP

Dangers of Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres 空气缺氧的危险 General 概述 Workers have lost their lives or been overcome by high concentrations of nontoxic, inert gases, such as nitrogen. Oxygen is the only constituent of the air that we breathe capable of supporting life. The normal oxygen content in air is approximately 21%. Nitrogen is the other primary component of air at 78%, with other trace components totaling approximately1%. The presence of any additional gas in the air, with the exception of oxygen, dilutes the oxygen concentration and can create an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. As the oxygen concentration in the air diminishes, certain physiological effects take place in the human body. They can range all the way from giddiness, mental confusion, loss of judgment, loss of coordination, weakness, nausea, fainting, and up to and including death. 工人已经失去了他们的生命或者被高浓度无毒不活泼气体，如氮控制。氧是我们呼吸的空气中唯一 能够支持生命的成分。空气中的正常氧浓度大约是21%。氮是空气的另一个主要成分，占78%, 其 它微量成分总共占大约1%。除了氧以外，空气中任何额外气体的存在都稀释了氧的浓度，造成缺 氧空气。随着空气中氧浓度的下降，在人体内确定的生理影响发生了。它们包括眩晕、精神错乱、 失去判断力、失去协调性、虚弱、恶心、昏晕和一直到死亡。 What Happens When We Breathe An Oxygen-Deficient Atmosphere? 当我们呼吸缺氧空气时会发生什么？ As blood passes through the lungs, it gives up carbon dioxide and accepts oxygen through the thin walls of tiny air sacs. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs takes less than 10 seconds to reach the brain. If an individual takes a few breaths of gas containing no oxygen (for example, pure nitrogen or helium), oxygen is washed from the lungs as it is replaced by the gas. Blood flowing through the lungs receives insufficient oxygen because no oxygen has been inhaled. In fact, the blood gives up what little oxygen it is carrying in an effort to equalize the oxygen content in the lungs. 当血液通过肺的时候，它放出二氧化碳，通过薄薄的微小气囊壁接受氧气。来自肺的富氧血液用不 到10秒的时间到达大脑。如果人呼吸几次不含氧的气体（例如纯氮或氦），该气体就会取代氧，氧 被清洗出肺部。因为没有吸入氧，流经肺的血液得不到充分的氧。事实上，为了平衡肺内的氧含量， 血液会释放出它携带的哪怕是很少的氧。 Blood, severely depleted of oxygen, then travels to the brain, where tissues rapidly becom