法学教室认识法学浅谈民刑法.docVIP

法之演進與「法之支配」 黃 勝 興 南台科技大學財法所 副教授 摘　要 現代國家之「法治」應以實質的法律效力為內涵，徒具法形式的法治已非現在真正立憲國家的法治要求，法的演進提供了人類歷史社會生活不斷的保障，「法」也試圖改變其本質上的作用來滿足人類社會生活的行為秩序與規範，法的實踐經驗更提供了國家機關「依法行政」的自我反省，針對人民的權利義務時，不能拘泥於法形式的要求，而應以「國民主權」的民主意識為思考基礎，絕不可以「行政萬能」的高權作用貫澈行政意識，始能保障憲法（表面的立憲主義國家）賦予的基本人類。 「法治」社會的核心價值是以「法之支配」(Rule of law)為縱軸，以「人性尊嚴」為橫軸，構築成實質法治國的基礎，本論文試從法律的產生到現代社會法律，從自然法中的「自保」到「社會契約論」的產生，從君主立憲（普魯士憲法，明治憲法到民主立憲國家的法律演進深入淺出的敘論，在進入二十一世紀人權立國的現代社會，諸般法律的作用應在「法之支配」最高原則指導下依法行政，更要以「人性尊嚴」的法理落實法治的實內涵，互相制節統治權的行使，並貫徹權力分立的制衡作用，用以保障基本人權，奠定國民主權的憲政理想。 關鍵字：1.立憲國家 2.依法行政 3.人性尊嚴 4.國民主權 5.社會契約論 Legal development and “Rule of Law” Shin-Shen Huang, Associate professor Institute of Financial Economics Law abstract The morden Society is a society of high participatory democracy, everybody must be to take part in “public affairs”, that is very important in civil society, a “democrat” (morden citizen) should be to know what’s the “living law” in spite of the private law or public law. This paper intent to express “legal change” is how important to the morden country, let’s rethinking what’s development of country, when a nation from “monarchylism” had been changed into “Contitutionalism” that is a great change in social democracy, and in the meantime legal development should be happened, the center of gravity of legal development lies not in legislaton, nor in juristic science, nor in judicial decision, but in society itself. “Rule of law” it’s means a democratic administration, because people only uuder the “Rule of law” would be respect by government, “Rule of law” and “Human dignity” are the most important legal rules in temporary society, the two principles is most fundmental basic of jurispredence, and it’s a pillar of democratic country. Looking forward the future development of Taiwan’s constitutional politics. Should base on the “Rule of law protect fundmental human rights, establish a permant “Rechtsstaat”, secure equality among people and realize welfare state. Key words：monarchylism, constitutionalism, legal development