气温变化对西南亚高山区流域森林水文效应的影响.pdfVIP

September 2012 Volume 2, Issue 3, PP.91-100 Scientific Journal of Earth Science 梭磨河流域植被和水文对气候变化的响应* 邓慧平 聊城大学 环境与规划学院，山东 聊城 252059 摘 要：为了进一步分析流域水量平衡对气温变化的敏感性，用生物物理/ 动态植被模型SSiB4/TRIFFID 与流域地形指数水文 模型的耦合模型SSiB4T/TRIFFID模拟了长江上游的梭磨河流域植被与水文对气候变化的响应，分析了气温变化对流域叶面积 指数和蒸发及其三个分量季节变化的影响。主要结果有：1）流域蒸发对温度变化很敏感，温度减小1℃，流域总蒸发减小 9.6-22.3% ；温度升高1℃，流域总蒸发增加15.4-24.1% ；温度升高2 ℃，增加28.9-39.6% 。2 ）仅降水量单独的变化对流域总蒸 发影响很小；降水增加10%，流域总径流增加19.0-25.0% ；降水减小10%，流域总径流减小19.8-22.0% 。3）降水不变，温度升 高1℃，通过蒸发的增加使流域总径流减小18.4-2 1.9% 。梭磨河流域总径流对气温和降水单独变化均很敏感，敏感程度与流域 植被覆盖类型有关。流域蒸发变化主要受温度变化控制，温度上升不仅增加了植被冠层截留蒸发和蒸腾，也增加了生长季的 叶面积指数，进一步加大了流域径流和蒸发对气温上升的敏感程度。 关键词：气候变化水文影响；耦合模型；动态模拟；植被与水文响应；梭磨河流域 Responses of Vegetation and Hydrology to Climate Changes: Simulations over the Suomo Basin Huiping Deng School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China, 252059 denghp62@ Abstract: In order to further investigate the effects of temperature changes on hydrology at basin scale, the coupled model SSiB4T/TRIFFID (the biophysical/dynamic vegetation model coupled with TOPMODEL) is employed to conduct numerical simulations of the impacts of climate changes on vegetation and hydrology of the Suomo basin located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The impacts of climate changes on runoff and evaporation are analyzed. The results show that evaporation of the basin is very sensitive to temperature changes: temperature reduced by 1℃ will result in evaporation decrease by 9.6-22.3%; temperature rises by 1℃ will cause an increase in evapotranspiration by 15.4-24.1%; an increase in temperature by 2 ℃ will increase evapotranspiration by 28.9-39