细胞笔记（Cell note）.docVIP

细胞笔记（Cell note） Section 1. The object and scope of cell biology Cell biology is the discipline of studying the structure and activity of cells from the whole, ultrastructural and molecular levels of cells. Cell - the basic structural unit of all organisms, is the smallest protoplasm surrounded by a membrane that can reproduce independently. Microstructure: the structure of cells under light microscopy Submicroscopic structure: ultrastructure, cell structure under electron microscope Cell function Absorption and secretion, synthesis and decomposition, proliferation and differentiation, senescence and death, transmission and transduction of information, inheritance and variation, and so on A brief history of second cell biology The earliest discovery of cells was Robert Hooke For the first time (1674), it was observed that the living cells were A.V.Leeuwenhoek In 1838, Schleidon, a German botanist, proposed that all plants are made up of cells In 1839, T.Schwann, a German zoologist, said: animals are made up of cells and that all living things are made up of cells. The two point of view is the famous theory (cell), and M.Schleidon and T.Schwann become the founders of cell theory at the same time. In 1855, R.Virchow, a German pathologist, said: cells come from cells, which makes important supplements to cell theory. The main contents of cell theory Cells are the smallest structural unit of multicellular organisms. For single celled organisms, a cell is an individual; Each cell of a multicellular organism is a unit of activity that performs specific functions; Cells can only be divided by cells. Plasma theory - the cell is a protoplasm surrounded by a membrane In 1885, W.Flemming discovered mitosis In 1905, J.E.Moore et al discovered and suggested meiosis O.Hertwig published the famous work on cell and tissue in 1892, which marks the establishment of cytology (Cytology) as an independent biological discipline. The second chapter is cell biology research methods Section